Cognitive radio: goals, benefits, definitions, architectures, Spectrum-Licensed, unlicensed, sharedunlicensed, opportunistic unlicensed, Current spectral usage and issues, Regulations, regulation changes,Spectral awareness, Spectrum adaptation, Dynamic frequency selection, Spectrum Sharing priorityallocation, Adaptive bandwidth control Policies, Adaptation and optimization- link adaptation, incrementalredundancy, jointly adaptive source and channel coding, Digital signal processing role in SDR, Cross-layer optimization (adaptation), Current cellular cognitive features-Hand -off, Channel allocation, cellularnetwork design, Link adaptation, incremental redundancy, Interference avoidance, detection, andcancellation, Power control, Femto cells and relation to cognitive radio. 2.5G/3G/4G cognitive features,Multi-carrier system adaptation (OFDM(A) adaptive features), Collaboration and cooperation in wirelessdevices, networks, and systems Interference awareness, Multi -dimensional channel variation anddispersion - relation with adaptive radio, Applications of CR into public safety and other applications of CR,Vertical hand-off and network interoperability - network awareness, multi-tier networks, Biologicallyinspired cognitive features (like Bats, Ants, human being, etc).