Principles of Quantum Mechanics- Energy Quanta, Wave–Particle Duality, The Uncertainty Principle Schrodinger’s Wave Equation, Extension of the Wave Theory to Atoms, Allowed and Forbidden Energy Bands-Formation of Energy Bands, The Kronig–Penney Model, K Space Diagram, Electrical Conductionin Solids-The Energy Band and the Bond Model, Electron Effective Mass, Density of States Function, Statistical Mechanics- The Fermi Dirac Probability Function, The Distribution Function and the Fermi Energy, Quasi Fermi Level, Quantum materials, Introduction to Qubits, Properties of Qubits. Architecture of Quantum Computers, Interfacing Quantum Processor with Classical Controllers, Quantum Gates and Operations, Quantum Entanglement, Single Qubit System, Extension to multi-Qubit systems, Multiplexing DC and I/O signal for 4 qubits, Future trends –Number of Qubits required, Quantum Gate Operations and Quantum Circuits, Introduction to quantum sensing, Qubit readout frontend circuits for Spin qubit and Transmon qubit, Sensing the Qubits, Recapitulation. “Cryogenic Materials and Circuit Integration for Quantum Computers.” Journal of Electronic Materials 49 (11): 6844–58. Patra, Bishnu, Rosario M. Incandela, Jeroen PG Van Dijk, Harald AR Homulle, Lin Song, Mina IQuantum Electronics , A Yariv, John Wiley, NY, 1989.