Smart Antennas for Mobile Communication (3-1-0)4 Introduction: Fundamentals of radiating systems. Phased array antenna, optimal antenna, adaptive antennas, Smart antenna, Benefits of smart antenna, Types of smart antennas. Fixed Beam Smart antenna systems: Sectorization, Broad side End fire arrays, impact of number of elements. Planar arrays, Beam forming, Butler matrix, Spatial filtering, Switched beam systems, multiple fixed beam systems, adaptive cell sectorization Adaptive array systems: Adaptive Array Concept: Motivation of using Adaptive Arrays, Adaptive Array problem statement, Signal Environment, Array Element Spacing considerations, Array Performance, Nulling Limitations due to miscellaneous array effects. Broadband Processing. DOA Estimation: Conventional Subspace methods.ML estimation techniques. Estimation of the number of sources using eigen decomposition. Direction finding and true ranging PL systems. Elliptic and hyperbolic PL systems. TDOA estimation techniques. MUSIC algorithms. Smart antenna receivers, MIMO systems.